Humanitarian approach
It was during the late
Middle Ages where there was scientific questioning and this lead to the
importance of humanism and later treatment to mental disorders became
challenging.
The establishment of
the early asylums
During the sixteenth
century special institution called asylums for the mental ill grew up in
number. This was established for the troublesome people who could not take care
of themselves. There was an increase in scientific enquire in abnormal behavior
and earlier asylums were called as madhouses .many hospitals for asylums were
established in many countries for mental illness. Earlier asylums were modified
by penal institution and people were treated as beasts than human beings.
Rush and moral
management in America
There was success in
the humanitarian experiments and this lead to a revolution in the treatment of
mental patients. During the Humanitarian reform there was use of moral
management.
Moral management
refers to a method of treatment that focuses on the individuals /patients
social, individual occupational needs. Moral management in asylums looked at
the patient’s moral and spiritual development rather than physical and mental
disorder. Moral management was very effective. In spite of the effectiveness
of moral management it was abandoned .there were various reasons such as ethnic
prejudice which lead to misguide belief among people.
The two other reasons
for the demise of moral management was in retrospect, truly ironic.
One of the raise of mental
hygiene movements. This mainly focused on the physical of the hospitalized patient’s
.through this patients comfort level improved in mental hygienist but patients
did not receive help for them. Their problems lead them to be dependent. Advance
in the biomedical also lead to the demise of moral management and increased mental
hygiene movements. The psychological and social environment was irrelevant for
the patients. Thus the
Mental
hygiene movement did not have much of negative effects and this has lead to accomplishments
of Humanitarianism.
The Humanitarian
reforms
In eighteenth
century countries like Europe and America
mental hospitals were in great reform. The humanitarian treatment of patients received
great influence from the work of pinel in france.
The pinel’s experiment
After the French revolution in 1972 pinel took
charge in Paris. He took permission as to mental patients should be treated
with kindness and not like beast or criminals. This experiment was of great success.
Freedom was given to the mental patients their chain were removed, they could
exercise around the hospital. This effect had great result. Noise and abuse was
replaced with peace and order. And pinel said that the entire discipline had a
good effect on mental patients. The Humanitarian reforms were also found in France
as well. The documents by jean Baptists had removed the chains of patients and
also this document had forbidden the staff of hospital in beating the patients.
The military and mental ill
Mental health treatment was also advanced by
military medicine. The confederate army had the first mental health facilities
for mental disorders. In 1880 there were
extensive influences in Germany military psychiatry. Lengweiler reviewed the
evolution of military psychiatry in Germany in 1870.a number of psychiatrists
made great contribution in the field of abnormal psychology. kraepelin viewed alcohol
as a cause of psychological problem among soldiers. And due to alcohol
consumption soldiers had difficulties in firing in war.
Cause and treatment of mental disorder
In the early nineteenth century the medical
professionals or the alienated used to take care of insane and also the
management of asylums during those days. There were no effective treatment for mental
disorder and only due to drugging, bleeding had few objective results. The alienists
acquired more status and influence in society. Mental disorders were not
understood properly and certain conditions such as depression was considered as
nervous exhaustion.
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