Sunday 14 July 2013

Barking at the Moon - Clinical Lycanthropy

Clinical Lycanthropy
Yudh Vir Saund
1114341

Try Imagining waking up in the middle of the night and you can’t help but notice something just feels off. You can feel your body change, yet you just can’t pin point what it really is, like your transforming into something, something not quite human…

This is everyday life of individuals suffering from Clinical Lycanthropy. Lycanthropy according to myth is the supernatural condition where an individual shape shifts into a wolf. In the western world, these beasts were commonly known as “werewolves”. Cultures all over the world have recorded such man beasts and gave them different names. In Central America for instance, these beasts were called “werejaguars”, the umbrella term used for metamorphosis and its variants is “Therianthropy”

In Ancient Europe and in parts of Central America among the Native Americans, the state of an individual with the condition was shunned off as being possessed by the spirit of a beast. In Abyssinia the individual possessed is usually of the female gender said to be taking the form of a caused by the hyena, under a kind of trance that ushers the woman into a fit; the fingers being clenched, the eyes glazed and nostrils flaring; the woman then laughs hideously and dashes on all four limbs.

It is a high possibility that what people considered Lycanthropy to be could have simply been people relating experiences of what now is classified under psychosis. In reality however, the interaction between human experience and historic culture is virtually impossible to separate, and Lycanthropy is exception. While on one side of the coin psychiatry assumes that if an individual who in all sobriety believes him/herself to be beast is mentally ill and individuals deliberately trying to achieve the same with psychoactive “potions” and rituals are considered to be shamans in many societies across the world.

Clinical Lycanthropy is what the ancient myth has come to be known as today, debunking many myths and lore of the ancestral bed time stories. The name although being specific, Clinical Lycanthropy is in its reality an umbrella term for the condition where humans have claimed to have gone through a metamorphosis from man to any animal. There are mainly three criteria for one to be diagnosed with this condition: Having felt like a beast at any given moment in time, showcasing behaviour similar to that of a beast (howling, shouting, crying, and whining) and the patients strongly kept belief of him/her being a beast.

Bunch of “Crazies” right? Well… That’s not the word you are looking for. The term that must be used is “delusional”. Clinical Lycanthropy is a form of psychosis, but strangely has not been associated with one specific mental condition. Certainly, it has been associated with disorders of delusional like Bipolarity, schizophrenia, and in few cases clinical depression. However, none of which necessarily have to be present as a compulsion for an individual to suffer from Clinical Lycanthropy.

If not the illnesses mentioned above, one can’t help but wonder what causes the condition? And the next question would be how is it possible that someone who isn't diagnosed with psychosis end up believing that he/she is a wolf (or a dragon or a unicorn or a cat)? One cannot explain the situation with much clarity, but as of now it’s theorized that the illness must have something to do with the part of the human brain responsible for body imaging. This is the section of the brain that records the images of our body and how one part relates to the other. That’s how an individual knows, what his left hand is doing when his eyes are shut. It is also responsible for the ability to carry out complex physical tasks without consciously thinking about where one’s limbs are. Clinical Lycanthropy is relatively different from “Capgras” delusion, which is theorized to be caused by the malfunction in the facial recognition sections of the human brain.

So now, try imagining that your body imaging system has gone out the window and your perception tells you that your limbs are that of another species. You would not only say “Hey guys… look at me, I’m a bee” – one suffering from Clinical Lycanthropy would believe that he/she is a bee – but also you’d feel like you have obtained antennae, a stinger in place of a bottom and Full-fledged wings. Similarly, you wouldn't simply believe that you are a wolf – your mind and your perception would make you believe that you fangs, whiskers, a tail and that you should walk on all four.

Further, there have been stranger cases on Clinical Lycanthropy in psychiatric records. Among the rare cases, individuals also believed that other individuals around them have undergone a similar metamorphosis to animals. This has been termed as ‘Lycanthropic inter-metamorphosis’ (Moselhy, 1999) and ‘Lycanthropy spectrum’ (Nejad, 2007). A study published in a 2009 issue of the journal Addiction and Health by Dr. Mansoureh Nasirian reported that the signs of Lycanthropy in individuals he studied that appearing after the use of the psychoactive drug ecstasy. The report claimed that the man believed that his relatives has transformed into various farm animals. (Nasirian, 2009). However, it was claimed by the team of researchers that the drug ecstasy has been known to induce paranoia, psychosis and in some cases even schizophrenia. In their Lycanthropy case, the man’s underlying responsiveness to schizophrenia could have been a result of ecstasy.

Individuals suffering from Clinical Lycanthropy are in luck because although this is a relatively rare disorder, it is treatable with the help of psychiatric drugs and a good amount of therapy. It is kind of out there when you think about the possibility of there being people in the world who in all seriousness believe they are werewolves.


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